Freestream velocity-profile measurement in a large-scale, high-enthalpy reflected-shock tunnel

The Large - Scale Velocity

1 Bulk Flows as a Cosmological Probe Hubble's Law, now spectacularly connrmed by the work of 27], 35], and 39], tells us that the distances of galaxies are proportional to their observed recession velocities, at least at low redshifts: cz = H 0 r : (1) However, this is not exactly correct. Galaxies have peculiar velocities above and beyond the Hubble ow indicated by Eq. (1). We denote the pecul...

Fuels With a High Enthalpy of Evaporation in Si Engine

The increasing use of fuels derived from oil, deepens concern about the fact that non-fossil fuels have to be considered as the fuels of the future. Among the alternatives, hydrogen produced from the abundant sources of water, seems to be one of the best, but it suffers drawbacks with regard to combustion, storage and transportation. The other alternatives are ammonia, produced from unlimited s...

The Large-Scale Velocity Field

where the peculiar velocity of the Local Group itself is v(0), and r̂ is the unit vector to the galaxy in question. In practice, we will measure distances in units of km s, which means that H0 ≡ 1, and the uncertainties in the value of H0 discussed by Freedman and Tammann in this volume are not an issue. Thus measurements of redshifts cz, and of redshift-independent distances via standard candle...

An Optical Measurement System to Measure Velocity and Provide Shock Wave Pressure Diagrams

This paper introduces an optical measurement system for shock wave characteristics. The system works by mountinga metal plate attached to spring mounts against the shock wavefront. This set is sealed and can plot the shock wave pressure diagram by measuring plate's displacement, radiation and changing the reflection of light during shock wave conflict, and converting these optical data to volta...

Problems in high-shock measurement